Climate Change

Context

Climate Change influences how we produce, distribute and consume our food. On the one hand, food systems currently account for one third of global greenhouse gas emissions; on the other hand, the impacts of climate change are already leading to declining agricultural yields in many countries, and are compromising global agricultural supply chains. (Re)designing climate-resilient food systems is essential: more agrobiodiversity, changes in agricultural practices, improved land use, soil protection, more efficient value chains, dietary shift to balanced sustainable healthy diets as well as avoidance of food loss and waste contribute to a reduced impact of food systems on climate, environment and health systems, and support increased resilience of food systems. Programmes related to food systems must be implemented in consideration of current and future risks to shocks and stresses, grounded in a DRR-approach, but also with the recognition and respect of planetary boundaries..

Climate-resilient vs. Climate-responsive food systems

While climate-resilient food systems focus on the long-term robustness and the ability to withstand and recover from climate impacts, climate-responsive food systems prioritise dynamic adaptation and proactive strategies to manage ongoing and future climate variability. The presence of one does not exclude the other.

• Climate-resilient food systems

  ... are designed to withstand and adapt to the impacts of climate change, ensuring food security and sustainable agricultural practices. These systems integrate various strategies to cope with the increasing frequency and intensity of climate-related stresses such as droughts, floods, heatwaves, and pests. Here are some of the key features:

  • Diversification
  • Soil health management
  • Water management techniques
  • Technological innovation
  • Policy and institutional support

• Climate-responsive food systems

  ... are designed to dynamically adapt to the ongoing changes and uncertainties brought about by climate change. These systems integrate proactive strategies and innovative practices to ensure the sustainability, productivity, and resilience of food production in varying climatic conditions. Here are some of the key features:

  • Adaptive agricultural practices
  • Integrated pest and disease management
  • Water resource management
  • Technological innovation and digital tools
  • Policy and institutional frameworks

Community engagement, knowledge sharing and local decision-making are essential for the success of both climate-resilient and climate-responsive food systems. Local knowledge, combined with scientific research, can lead to innovative solutions tailored to specific contexts. Collaborative efforts among farmers, researchers, policymakers, extension services and other stakeholders ensure that adaptive strategies are practical and effective.

Key Resources

Thematic Integration Brief: Food Systems and Climate, DRR & Environment
Knowledge Hub, SDC A&FS Network

Report on Healthy, Sustainable, and Just Food Systems
EAT-Lancet Commission, October 2025

Food for a Stable Climate
WWF resources & tools

Resilient Food Systems for Climate Action
World Food Programme, 2024

News related to climate change